Central Themes in the Work of Jacques Ellul - 708 Words

Jacques Ellul was a professor of history and the Sociology of Institutions on the Faculty of Law and Economic Sciences at the University of Bordeaux. He wrote 58 books and more than a thousand articles over his career, many of which discussed propaganda, the influence of technology on society, and also the correlation between religion and politics. The central theme of Ellul’s work proved to be the threat to human freedom and religion shaped by modern technology. Ellul’s continual concern was the rise of a technological oppression over humanity. According to the Boston Globe newspaper, he was a leader in the French resistance in World War II. For his determination to save the Jews, he was labeled â€Å"Righteous among the Nations† by Yad Vashem in 2001. He was also a layman in the Reformed Church of France and achieved a high position within it as part of the National Council. Ellul considered Karl Barth, a leader of the confrontation against the German state church in World War II, the greatest theologian of the 20th century. Ellul also considered his father his role model. He has been credited with coining the phrase, Think globally, act locally. According to the International Jacques Ellul Society (IJES), Ellul frequently said that he was born in Bordeaux by chance, but that it was by choice that he spent almost all his academic career there. Ellul viewed the domination of mass media as an example of technology utilizing control over human’s purpose. As an example ofShow MoreRelated Does Technology Drive History? Essay688 Words   |  3 PagesA theme that appears over and over in discussions about technology is whether or not technology is the cause of major social, cultural, political, and economic changes in modern society. Of course, we can find many, many examples of technologies associated with enormous social changes. The automobile, for example, is often spoke of as causing a whole array of social changes, from the creation of suburbia, to the development of the fast food industry, to the paving of farm land, to the importedRead MoreEssay on Soviet Propaganda1881 Words   |  8 PagesSoviet Propaganda The soviet communist party, or the Bolsheviks, always new that strong propaganda was essential to increase the consciousness of the masses. As stated in the Encyclopedia of Propaganda, propaganda was central to Marxist-Leninist ideology long before the Bolshevik revolution of 1917.(675) The power of persuasion and coercion were exercised with great force by Soviet leaders. The two leaders whom utilized propaganda to influence public opinion in the USSR were Vladimir LeninRead More A Theological Perspective of the Clash of Civilizations Essay7154 Words   |  29 Pagesarticle. So the outcome was a 1996 book titled The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order.4 In this work conceived as â€Å"an interpretation of the evolution of global politics after the Cold War,† Huntington aspires, as he says, â€Å"to present a framework, a paradigm, for viewing global politics that will be meaningful to scholars and useful to policymakers.†5 Its central theme is virtually identical to that of his article, namely â€Å"that culture and cultural identities, which at HuntingtonRead MoreThe Importance of Philosophy to Engineering8110 Words   |  33 Pagesthis thesis will, appropriately enough, rely in key respects on engineering experience. It will proceed by means of a historical review of engineering efforts to do philosophy in part as a self-defense against philosophical criticism. Then, in a central case study, it will summarize and reflect on efforts in the United States professional engineering community to incorporate philosophy into engineering education curricula. The later sections of the paper will, however, make a more reflective effortRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesBenson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left

Psychology - 997 Words

Psychology is the study of life stages in which humans experience and the behavioral issues of one’s self. his scientific process has been study by many pioneers throughout history who has shared their own belief and explanations for people behavioral issue and the way in which they act which is mundane to one’s society. One pioneer who has contributed his opinion to Psychology is Erikson, a German Psychologist who created eight psychosocial stages that humans encounter throughout their life, the stages are: Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, and Integrity vs. Despair . Erik Homberger Erikson was†¦show more content†¦This occurs during adolescence. During this period the identity concern reaches climax. According to Erikson this is the time when children seek their true selves. Erikson’s sixth stage, Intimacy vs. Isolation, occurs during young adulthood. The main concern of Eriksons seventh stage, Generativity vs. Stagnation, is to assist the younger generation in developing and leading useful lives. When the individual feels that he has done nothing to help the next generation then they experience stagnation. The final stage, Integrity vs. Despair, occurs during late adulthood. This is the time in which the individual looks back and evaluates their life. If the last stages have developed properly then they will experience honesty. If the previous stages have not developed in a positive way then they will feel hopelessness (Sharkey). Erikson’s theory is used a lot within teaching .When becoming a teacher they are taught on his theory to approach it upon kids. Schools of education teach future teachers about the stages children go through to help them understand how children act and think. Eriksons stages are especially helpful, as he outlines where he believes children should be around each age. Eriksons stages also give future teachers the ability to focus on certain aspects of development for children depending on their age group, as he has pointed out that they each have varying needs. Knowing his theory it makes other people know how to handle the aspect of a child fromShow MoreRelatedPsychology : Psychology And Psychology1627 Words   |  7 Pagescovers the many questions we may have about psychology. It starts with the history and how it has changed throughout the years. It covers some of the many subfields and jobs you can have as a psychologist. It also covers the four big ideas that are associate d with psychology. There are many more topics and sub-topics that will be covered within this paper on chapter 1. Section 1-1 Psychological Science is born: This section shows how the heart of psychology changes over time. In 1879, at a germanRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1519 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology has been defined by many as the study of mental disorder or behavioral problems but discoveries and developments, points to psychology as the study of human mind and its functionality which includes the way we think, act, perceive things and be able to make decisions; all these makes man a complex being. Psychology isn’t just a phenomenon; it is a scientific study. Psychology as a science answers the question â€Å"why†, proposes a theory and sets experiment to test the hypothesis. The researchRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology889 Words   |  4 PagesOne: Psychology Defined Psychology is an exceptionally multifaceted field of study, regardless, it can be commonly defined as the study of mental processes and human behavior. The goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict and control the behavior of others. Psychology incorporates an extensive range of different perspectives into its general principles as well as focuses on securing them with applied research, case studies, evaluations, etc. I first became interested in psychology whenRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1018 Words   |  5 Pagesof psychology is common to talk about the psychological schools, as these are defined as groups of psychologists who shared a theoretical view and focused psychological problems with a common orientation; these have evolved over time. Psychology was first established as a separate science of biology and philosophy, that s when the real debate over how to describe and explain the human mind and behavior began start, different psychological schools represent the major theories of psychology. TheRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology892 Words   |  4 PagesWhen you first think of the word psychology, what is the first thing that comes to your mind? Well, some people might say they don’t know or some would say it’s something that has to do with the mind and/or human behavior. Psychology which comes from the Greek term â€Å"psyche† is the study of mental processes and behavior; especially those affecting behavior in a given context. There are several schools of thought in psychology. These schools include: structuralism (Wundt), functionalism (James), gestaltRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1267 Words   |  6 PagesPaper What is psychology? What impact does psychology have on the world? What does it mean to be a psychologist? These are three important questions that will be investigated throughout this paper. Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and behavior. Psychology influences many behaviors in the world without anyone noticing. Watson is interested in behaviorism. This means he was interested in the behavior of people and how they act and react. Through his article, Psychology as the BehavioristRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology850 Words   |  4 PagesPsychology to me is meant to help people understand the complexity of other human beings. We have established the existence of many disorders which are mainly beyond the control of people because of chemical imbalances in the brain. Although with these reasons, we still have attached negative and positive connotations to many disorders. We have created this concept of psychology in order to help us try to find some sense of order in our lives. This can allow us to try rank ourselves next to anotherRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1703 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology has a lot of jobs to choose from.Any job in psychology is going to be involved helping people. Trying to find out why people do the things they do and trying to predi ct the behavior of people, their emotions, and mental processes. Making sure your child or any person you care about is okay mentally, is important and is the job of people who work in a major in psychology. For this paper, the roles of a psychiatrist, a counselor, and a psychologist will be discussed. The audience will learnRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1300 Words   |  6 PagesIn Psychology There are six modern psychological perspectives. These perspectives are behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive, social, cultural, and biological. Each perspective has its own unique way of explaining human behavior. I think that really explains the complex mental processes and behavior, and each prospective study should not be limited to just one. The following is my explanation of the terms and comparisons between the psychodynamic and behavioral aspects relating to the OctoberRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology Essay2200 Words   |  9 PagesHow is ps ychology defined today? How did psychology start out being defined originally? Humans have always been interested in understanding their own body, especially the brain itself. Some of the first people to explore psychology were Aristotle and Socrates, (even though some of the things they thought were wrong) of course at the time they did not know what exactly they were studying. https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/introduction-to-psychology-1/intr

Should the Government Raise Gas Prices Essay Example For Students

Should the Government Raise Gas Prices Essay Should the Federal Government Raise Gas TaxIf the Federal Government raises the tax on gas to $3 to $4 per gallon the economy would suffer. Peoples personal saving would decrease because their disposable income would decrease. The only thing that a gas increase would be effective for is to increase government revenues, but it would be at the expense of the economic growth, jobs, and family income. It is not any secret that Americans rely on mobility needs heavily. If the gas tax was increase to $3 or $4 per gallon other aspects of American families would suffer. We would sacrifice other areas of living in order to be able to maintain mobility. People would have to cut down on family travel and even little road trips to visit family members. In the article U.S. reluctant to mirror Europes high gas taxes it talks about the effect that can be placed on the car market. It talks about changing the requirements for SUVs to meet the same mileage requirements as cars. Automakers feel that is taking a step to far. Trying to dictate to people about what vehicles consumers should buy. After reading this article I realized that Americans are lucky when it comes to gas prices per gallon. In France a gallon of gas is around $5.51 per gallon and $6.36 in the Netherlands. These prices sound unbelievable. In these countries they encourage fuel efficient technologies and fund public transportation. Gasoline is the bloodline for America. As long as cars and other vehicles run on gasoline, the price of gas will continue to affect every part of our economy. The demand for gas usually increases during the summer months and holidays. The high demand can translate into higher gas prices. An increase can also occur when the world crude oil market tightens and lowers inventories. Growing demand can outpace refinery capacity. Since there is a fear of one day being a shortage of gas maybe the United States needs to start investing in more public transportation like other countries. We keep waiting for gas prices to decrease but I believe that they are only going to get worst. The fact of the matter is that Americans are not going to stop traveling. Whether gas prices are $10 per gallon we will find a way to get were we want to go.

Enterprise Architecture free essay sample

Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide Editorial Writer: J. Schekkerman Version 5. 0 2009 Preface An enterprise architecture (EA) establishes the organization-wide roadmap to achieve an organizations mission through optimal performance of its core business processes within an efficient information technology (IT) environment. Simply stated, enterprise architectures are †blueprintsl for systematically and completely defining an organizations current (baseline) or desired (target) environment. Enterprise architectures are essential for evolving information systems and developing new systems that optimize their mission value. This is accomplished in logical or business terms (e. g. , mission, business functions, information flows, and systems environments) and technical terms (e. g. , software, hardware, communications), and includes a transition plan for transitioning from the baseline environment to the target environment. If defined, maintained, and implemented effectively, these blueprints assist in optimizing the interdependencies and interrelationships among the business operations of the enterprise and the underlying IT that support these operations. It has shown that without a complete and enforced EAolution Architects Strategic Planners / Management; Enterprise Program Managers Software Architects / engineers External Partners. EA Methodologies and Models Model Development Interface Tool Automation Solution Architects Strategic Planners / Management Requirements Enterprise Program Managers Requirements Software Architects / Engineers Requirements External Partners Overall Requirements List = Requirements Requirements Requirements Extendibility Customization Analysis and Manipulation Repository Deployment Architecture Costs and Vendor Support Architecture Results Weigh Factors 1. 2. Functionality Dimension This dimension of the EA Tools review framework attempts to capture how well the tool performs the core functions needed to support the enterprise architecture development activity. This dimension breaks the functionality of an enterprise architecture tool into eight key areas. 1. 2. 1 . Methodologies and Models The most important feature of an enterprise architecture tool the methodologies and odeling the approaches it supports. The approaches the tool supports dictate the types of enterprise architectures the tool is capable of supporting, and to an extent, the type of analysis and manipulation functions the tool is capable of performing. As well as reviewing the methodologies and modeling approaches, this functional area also reviews how well, or how completely, the tool implements the methodologies and modeling approaches it claims to support. For tools that are capable of supporting multiple methodologies and modeling approaches, this functional area also examines ow well the different approaches are integrated. For example, when complementary methodologies and modeling approaches (for example process modeling and data modeling) are used, how well can the different approaches be used together in an overall enterprise architectural approach? Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. O Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 2 May 2009 When a tool supports competing approaches (for example two approaches to data modeling) how well can the data being modeled be moved between the different perspectives offered by the competing approaches? . 2. 2. Model Development Interface The model development interface is the most obvious part of an enterprise architecture development tool. It is the interface used to design, build, maintain and often manipulate, the models that make up the architecture. Generally, models are built and maintained graphically, by manipulating icons and the connections between them. The tools model development interface may also use textual interfaces to allow additional information to be appended to the graphical models. The overall quality of the model development interface is an important characteristic f any enterprise architecture development tool. The interface must support the modeling activity well, for example by automating some of the drawing functions, by appropriate places during the modeling activity. The model development interface must also be intelligently structured, make good use of limited screen space, be logical and consistent to use and navigate. The tool should ideally follow the graphical user interface conventions and guidelines that apply to its host operating system. 1. 2. 3. Tool Automation Developing and populating enterprise architecture models is often the most time onsuming part of the enterprise architecture development activity. By providing support for automating parts of the enterprise architecture development processes, a tool can help speed up the overall development activity. A tool may support the creation of macros or scripts, to automate common functions or actions, or to group several functions together into one action. These may be used to automate parts of the model development activity. This feature is closely related to the tools ability to be customized, which is described in the next section. The tool may also provide the bility to automatically generate enterprise architecture models based on data held within the tools repository, or have the ability to generate enterprise architecture models as a result of data manipulation functions. . 2. 4. Extendibility and Customization This functional group captures how well an enterprise architecture tool can be modified to meet the unique enterprise architectural requirements of a unique organization. Enterprise Architecture tools may support customization by allowing users to add new modeling approaches or to modify the modeling approaches already supported by the tool. A tool may also support modifica tion by providing a programming interface, allowing the functions of the tool to be modified, or allowing the tool to be integrated with other software products. Most enterprise architecture tools that support high levels of customization allow the underlying meta-models of the tool to be modified, and new meta-models added. Metamodels are literally models about models. They describe what entities can exist Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. O Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 3 May 2009 ithin particular models, the legal relationships between the different entities, and their properties. By modifying the existing meta-models, or adding completely new meta-models, a tool can be customized to support new modeling approaches. The ability to modify the tool via a programming interface allows the functionality and behavior of the tool to be customized to meet the unique requirements of the organization. Programming customization may be achieved though the use of an application scripting language, for example Visual Basics for Applications (VBA), or components. Enterprise Architecture tools may be extended by integrating them with other software products. This may be achieved via direct integration through an exposed API within the tool, or via a middleware layer, for example ActiveX/DCOM, CORBA, and so on. Integration may also be supported via importing and exporting data into and out of the tool via standard file types; for example, character delimited or fixed width delimited text files, HTML, or SYLK files and so on. 1. 2. 5. Analysis and Manipulation As well as supporting the development of enterprise architecture models, an nterprise architecture tool may also provide support for analysis and manipulation of the developed models. The type of analysis and manipulation support provided by the tool is often tied to the particular modeling approaches supported by the tool. For example, Flow Analysis is often tied to process/workflow modeling. Analysis support provided by a tool may simply examine how correct or complete the model is, relative to a particular modeling approach used. More sophisticated analysis support may allow the model to be interrogated in some way, or be subjected to particular analysis methods. Analysis support may include the ability to compare different versions of models, allowing current and to-be enterprise architectures to be compared. Manipulation functions capture a tools ability to change the way the models are represented and viewed. This may include the ability to view models from particular perspectives, for example showing only particular classes of entities, or the ability to amalgamate separate models into a single model. 1. 2. 6. Repository Most of the tools on the market make use of some kind of data repository to hold the developed models. The functions provided by the tools repository have a significant mpact on the overall functionality, scalability and extendibility of an enterprise architecture tool. Some tools make use of commercial relational database management systems, or commercial Object Orientated or ObJect/Relational database systems, while others use proprietary repository systems. A tools repository often dictates the way users can collaborate. A repository may provide support for collaboration by supporting multiple, concurrent, users on the one repository, or by providing the ability to combine models developed by different modelers into one model. 4 May 2009